Ulusal kanallardan dijital platformlara: Türkiye’de dizi üretiminde yaratıcılık üzerindeki sınırlılıkların incelenmesi

This study focuses on the changes in creative production practices of Turkish television serials in the last decade due to the expansion of Turkish television serial industry and the fairly concurrent launch of three video-on-demand platforms, Netflix Turkey, puhutv and BluTV. The range of genres, characters, narrative structures and stylistic choices in the serials produced for these platforms is broader compared to others that are broadcast on national television channels; whether the changes on these new screens are reflected as transformations in the production practices remains a question to be answered. This paper investigates the structures of serial production processes and their limitations on creativity by means of an outlook of an analysis of actors that affect production decisions, including producers, channels, and audiences, and interviews with the creative people who actually produce the end products.Bu çalışma, Türk televizyon dizisi endüstrisinin genişlemesi ve dijital platformlar olan Netflix Türkiye, puhutv ve BluTV’nin Türkiye’de faaliyete geçmesi nedeniyle son on yılda televizyon dizilerinin üretim uygulamalarındaki değişikliklere odaklanmaktadır. Bu platformlar için üretilen dizilerde türler, karakterler, anlatı yapıları ve üslup seçenekleri ulusal televizyon kanallarında yayınlanan diğerlerine göre daha geniş bir yelpazededir; ancak bu dönüşümün üretim uygulamalarında bir yansıması olup olmadığı hala cevaplanması gereken bir sorudur. Bu makale seri üretim süreçlerinin yapılarını ve yaratıcılık üzerindeki sınırlamalarını yapımcılar, kanallar ve izleyiciler gibi üretim kararlarını etkileyen aktörlerin analizi ve nihai ürünleri üreten yaratıcı profesyoneller ile yapılan görüşmelerle inceleyip tartışmaya açacaktır.Publisher's Versio

US Microelectronics Packaging Ecosystem: Challenges and Opportunities

The semiconductor industry is experiencing a significant shift from traditional methods of shrinking devices and reducing costs. Chip designers actively seek new technological solutions to enhance cost-effectiveness while incorporating more features into the silicon footprint. One promising approach is Heterogeneous Integration (HI), which involves advanced packaging techniques to integrate independently designed and manufactured components using the most suitable process technology. However, adopting HI introduces design and security challenges. To enable HI, research and development of advanced packaging is crucial. The existing research raises the possible security threats in the advanced packaging supply chain, as most of the Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) facilities/vendors are offshore. To deal with the increasing demand for semiconductors and to ensure a secure semiconductor supply chain, there are sizable efforts from the United States (US) government to bring semiconductor fabrication facilities onshore. However, the US-based advanced packaging capabilities must also be ramped up to fully realize the vision of establishing a secure, efficient, resilient semiconductor supply chain. Our effort was motivated to identify the possible bottlenecks and weak links in the advanced packaging supply chain based in the US.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure

The comparison of three different analgesies groups for ESWL

YÖK Tez No: 225808Giriş - Amaç: ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy), üst üriner trakta bulunan taşın tedavisi için noninvaziv bir prosedürdür. Ancak bu tedavi yönteminin ağrılı bir işlem olduğu, işlem sırasında genel veya rejyonal analjezi gerekliliği yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada ESWL tedavisi görecek hastalar için 3 farklı ajanın analjezik etkinliğinin ve yan etkilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Ağustos 2006 ? Şubat 2007 arasında Düzce Üniversitesi ESWL polikliniğinde 30' arlı 3 gruptan oluşan toplam 90 hasta üzerinde yapılmıştır. 1. gruba parasetamol 1 g IV, 2. gruba lornoksikam 8 mg IV, 3. gruba tramadol 1.0 mg/kg IV uygulama öncesinde verildi.ESWL uygulaması sırasında hastaların ağrı değerlendirmesini yapmak için VAS (vizüel analog skala) kullanıldı. Prosedürden önce, prosedürün 1. dakikasında ve ESWL boyunca her 5 dakikada bir hemodinamik parametreler (noninvaziv sistolik-diastolik ve ortalama arter basıncı, kalp tepe atımı, solunum sayısı, periferik oksijen satürasyonu) kaydedildi. Prosedür boyunca yan etkiler bradikardi, bradipne, pruritis, bulantı kusma, baş ağrısı, baş dönmesi) kaydedildi. Hasta memnuniyeti ve ürolog memnuniyeti değerlendirildi.Bulgular: KAH ölçümleri, SAB ölçümleri, DAB ölçümleri, OAB ölçümleri, SPO2 ölçümleri gruplara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir. VAS ölçümleri değerlendirildiğinde parasetamol, lornoksikam ve tramadolün etki başlangıç süreleri yakın olsa da, parasetamol ve lornoksikamın anajezik etki başlangıcının tramadole göre daha hızlı olduğu, ancak ilerleyen dönemde üç analjeziğin etki güçleri arasında fark olmadığı kanısına varıldı. Yan etki değerlendirmesinde gruplar arasında anlamlı fark görülmedi. Eklenen alfentanil miktarında, hasta memnuniyeti, ürolog memnuniyeti ve voltaj ölçümlerin de anlamlı farklılık görülmedi.Sonuç: Elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde ESWL ağrı tedavisinde 1 g IV parasetamol, 8 mg IV lornoksikam ve 1 mg/kg IV tramadolün benzer etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir.Purpose: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a noninvasive procedure for the treatment of calculi located in the upper urinary tract. However previous studies indicated that this treatment method is painful, and requires general or regional analgesia during the procedure. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effect profile of three different analgesic agents.Methods: A total of 90 patients who underwent ESWL treatment at our institution Department of ESWL between August 2006 and February 2007 were randomized into 3 groups (30 in each group). Group I received paracetamol 1 g intravenous, group II received lornoxicam 8 mg intravenous, and group III received tramadol 1 mg/kg intravenous.Visual analog scale (VAS) was utilized to asses the degree of pain related to the ESWL treatment. Hemodynamic parameters (non-invasive sistolic-diastolic mean blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, periferic oxygen saturation) were recorded before the procedure, at the first minute of the procedure and 5 Minutes intervals during ESWL. Also side effects (bradycardia, bradypnea, pruritus, vomiting, headache, and nausea) were recorded. Additionaly both patient and surgeon satisfaction were evaluated.Results: The measurament of hemodynamic parameters revealed no significant difference between these 3 groups. Regarding the VAS values, although the initiation of analgesic effects of these three compounds were relatively similar. Lornoxicam and paracetamol had a forter anelgesic effect than tramadol. On the other hand, it was observed that the anelgesic effects of these 3 agents were similar. Moreover, no significant difference was seen between 3 groups regarding the amount of additional alfentanil, and the degree of patient and surgeon satisfaction. On the other hand, the effect profiles of these 3 agents were also comparable.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that paracetamol 1 g intravenous, lornoxicam 8 mg intravenous, and tramadol 1 mg/kg intravenous have similar analgesic effects with comparable side effects profile in patients who underwent ESWL treatment

Use of the bispectral index to predict a positive awareness reaction to laryngeal mask airway-Fastrach insertion and intubation

WOS: 000250249500014PubMed: 17944640Aim: To determine whether the bispectral index (BIS) can be monitored to predict and indicate an awareness reaction to laryngeal mask airway-Fastrach (LMA-Fastrach) insertion and intubation at BIS values between 40 and 60. Methods: Fifty-one American Society of Anesthesiologists' (ASA) class I or II status patients aged over 20 years were included in this study. Midazolam 0.1 mg/kg was given for pre-medication, 30 min before induction. For induction, a 0.1-mu g/kg bolus injection of remifentanil was followed by infusion, and propofol was administered until the eyelash reflex disappeared; the infusion rate was adjusted to maintain BIS values between 40 and 60. Loss of the eyelash reflex, loss of response to verbal commands, yawning and total propofol consumption were recorded. Patients were tested for awareness twice at 1-min intervals using the isolated forearm technique. The test was considered to be positive if the patient squeezed a hand when asked; after muscle relaxation, the patient was intubated and the test was repeated. In the recovery room and ward, patients were asked whether they could recall this event. Results: Seven patients tested positive: two following LMA-Fastrach insertion and the remaining five following intubation. None of the patients had recall. Conclusion: Awareness during anaesthesia may occur at BIS levels that indicate adequate anaesthesia, but this is not associated with recall of the events later

Intoxications in Intensive Care: Cost and Bed Occupancy According to Glasgow Coma Scale

Objective:Intensive care units (ICU) are the units in which critical patient care and follow-up are conducted. About 3.7-40% of ICU beds are used for intoxications. In ICU, intoxications may be mortal or can be discharged only by observation without any complication. The necessity of hospitalization of all these patients to the ICU is controversial in terms of bed occupancy and cost. In our study, it was aimed to determine the necessity and cost of hospitalization of ICU patients who were admitted to ICU with diagnosis of intoxication.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted by investigating the files of 205 intoxication patients who underwent more than 24 hours of follow-up and treatment at second and third level ICU. While patients were admitted to ICU, they were divided into two groups according to Glasgow Coma score (GCS) 15 (group=15) and below 15 (group <15). The patients’ age, gender, GCS, cause of poisoning, number of days stayed in the ICU and the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) were recorded, and the ICU costs of the groups were calculated. In addition, the cost that would be generated if the patients in group=15 were followed in the service environment rather than in the ICU was calculated.Results:Of the 205 patients examined, 145 had GCS of 15, while the GCS of 60 patients were below 15. The number of patients with GCS=15 and the intoxication case with suicide intent were higher in female gender. While the number of intoxications with cardiovascular system drugs and analgesic drugs was greater in group=15, the number of intoxications with carbon monoxide and drug substances was greater in group <15. The number of days stayed in ICU, MV requirement and ICU costs were higher in group <15. If the patients in group=15 had been followed up in the service environment, the cost would have been lower than the cost in ICU.Conclusion:GCS; it can be used to determine the necessity of hospitalization of intoxication cases into ICU due to its specificity and easy applicability. It is common belief that intoxications leading to life threatening and organ failure should be followed in second and third level ICUs. The fact that ICU beds in our country are not used according to the criteria is a big problem, which may increase the cost of use and also cause an increase in mortality. Adhering to the criteria for admitting patients to high cost units which require specialist and technological equipment such as ICUs will prevent unnecessary bed occupancy and ensure proper use of resources. According to our study, close follow-up of patients, who admitted to ICU with GCS=15, in an equipped service may reduce cost and bed occupancy

Adding intrathecal morphine to unilateral spinal anesthesia results in better pain relief following knee arthroscopy

WOS: 000260955700005PubMed: 19011774Intrathecal morphine is administered to provide profound and prolonged analgesia, and to treat acute postoperative pain. We compared the effectiveness of hyperbaric bupivacaine alone and in combination with morphine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to two groups to receive either 1.2 ml (6 mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (group B; n = 30) or 1.2 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine containing 0.16 mg of morphine (group BM; n = 30). Spinal block was assessed by pinprick and a modified Bromage scale and compared between the operated and nonoperated sides. Visual analog scale (VAS) values, duration of analgesia, and total analgesic requirement of patients were recorded. Patients in group BM had significantly lower VAS values on movement at 30 min and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 h postoperatively (P 0.05), and motor blockade of the nonoperated limb in group BM was also similar to that in group B (P > 0.05). We conclude that unilateral spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.16 mg morphine is preferable to hyperbaric bupivacaine alone with respect to analgesic requirement, duration of analgesia, and VAS values

Randomized Comparison of Efficacy of Paracetamol, Lornoxicam, and Tramadol Representing Three Different Groups of Analgesics for Pain Control in Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy

WOS: 000277213300027PubMed: 20184444Purpose: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) is the mainstay treatment modality for upper urinary tract stones. However, it is a relatively painful procedure and so an efficient analgesia is required for better clinical success. The ideal method of anesthesia has not been standardized. The objective of this randomized study, for the first time in the literature, was to compare the efficacy of three common analgesics, each belonging to a different group, in pain control during SWL. Patients and Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 90 patients with upper urinary tract stones undergoing SWL were randomly divided into three groups. Group I (n = 30) received 1 g of paracetamol, group II (n = 30) received 8 mg of lornoxicam, and group III (n = 30) had 1 mg/kg of tramadol. No premedication was applied in all groups. Pain scores by visual analog scale (VAS), blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation were noted before procedure and at 1 minute and every 5 minutes during the SWL. Supplementary analgesic consumption was recorded. Moreover, all adverse effects and both patient and urologist satisfaction were documented. Results: Demographic parameters of the three groups were similar. All monitored parameters were also not different among the groups. The mean VAS scores at all measured times during SWL were below 4 except for two occasions, indicating a relatively efficient overall pain control provided by these three medications. Moreover, the mean VAS scores were similar among these three groups at all measured times during SWL except for those at 5 and 20 minutes at which groups III and II showed lesser pain control, respectively. No difference was observed in the amount of supplementary analgesia, which was required at higher voltages in a majority of patients. There was no significant difference in side effects. Conclusion: This study suggests that paracetamol, lornoxicam, and tramadol can be safely and efficiently preferred in pain control during SWL